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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the modern legal profession. For the promotion of a cause or point of view, see Advocacy. For other uses, see The Advocate.

"Advocat" redirects here. For the alcoholic beverage, see Advocaat. For the Scandinavian professional title for lawyers, see Advokat.

Advocate

19th-century painting of Advocates, by French artist Honoré Daumier
Occupation
Names	Barrister Magistrate
Activity sectors	Law
Description
Competencies	Good memory, advocacy and interpersonal skills, analytical mind, critical thinking, commercial sense
Fields of employment	Court
Related jobs	Barrister, judge, jurist

An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.^[1]

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili".^[2] "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.

Europe

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 arose; then, small chieftaincies (janapadas) were consolidated into larger states (mahajanapadas). Second urbanization took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts,^[5] including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesized with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism.

Indian cultural influence (Greater India)

Timeline of Indian history

Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda Empire and established the first great empire in ancient India, the Maurya Empire. India's Mauryan king Ashoka is widely recognised for his historical acceptance of Buddhism and his attempts to spread nonviolence and peace across his empire. The Maurya Empire would collapse in 185 BCE, on the assassination of the then-emperor Brihadratha by his general Pushyamitra Shunga. Shunga would form the Shunga Empire in the north and north-east of the subcontinent, while the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom would claim the north-west and found the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties, including the Gupta Empire, in the 4th to 6th centuries CE. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence is known as the Classical or Golden Age of India. Aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and religion spread to much of Asia, which led to the establishment of Indianised kingdoms in the regi

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 This article is about the pre-1947 history of the Indian subcontinent. For the post-1947 history of India, see History of India (1947–present). For the post-1947 history of the Indian subcontinent, see South Asia § Contemporary era.

"Ancient India" and "Indian history" redirect here. For outline, see Outline of South Asian history.

Part of a series on the
History of India
Timeline
Prehistoric
Ancient
Classical
Early medieval
Late medieval
Early modern
Modern
Related articles
v t e

History of South Asia
Outline
National histories
Regional histories
Specialised histories
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Indus Valley Civilisation, at peak phase (2600–1900 BCE)

Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.^[1] The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; by 4500 BCE, settled life had spread,^[2] and gradually evolved into the Indus Valley Civilisation, one of three early cradles of civilisation in the Old World,^[3][4] which flourished between 2500 BCE and 1900 BCE in present-day Pakistan and north-western India. Early in the second millennium BCE, persistent drought caused the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages. Indo-Aryan tribes moved into the Punjab from Central Asia in several waves of migration. The Vedic Period of the Vedic people in northern India (1500–500 BCE) was marked by the composition of their extensive collections of hymns (Vedas). The social structure was loosely stratified via the varna system, incorporated into the highly evolved present-day Jāti system. The pastoral and nomadic Indo-Aryans spread from the Punjab into the Gangetic plain. Around 600 BCE, a ne